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Update II: Escalation in Eastern DRC


 

Date Published: 04/02/2025


Location: Goma, North Kivu Province, Eastern DRC; Kinshasa.


What happened?

  • On Monday 27/01/2025, M23 armed group rebels captured the eastern city of Goma, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), marking a major escalation of the decades-long conflict which reignited in 2022. Hundreds of thousands of people fled Goma.

  • The M23 is one of several armed groups operating in eastern DRC, seeking control over mineral mines. The DRC and the UN accuse Rwanda of supporting the M23 rebel group, with claims of Rwandan troops present in Goma.

  • In a new development, on Monday 03/02/2025, the AFC/M23 rebel coalition announced a unilateral ceasefire starting Tuesday 04/02/2025, citing "humanitarian reasons." This decision comes after a week of intense fighting and territorial gains. The DRC government in Kinshasa has not yet commented on the ceasefire announcement, and it remains unclear if the country's military will respect it.

  • Despite earlier statements of marching on to the capital, the M23 rebels, following their capture of Goma, stated they have no intention of capturing further settlements such as Bukavu (a city some 100 km away from Goma and around 200 accounting for road limitations) or other areas. 

  • In Goma, some economic activities are resuming, but schools and banks remain closed, and food shortages persist. The situation on the ground remains tense, with ongoing health risks and humanitarian concerns.

  • On 04/02/2025, Reuters reports that Uganda has sent 1,000 more soldiers to east Congo, north of Goma. This would raise the number of the Ugandan troops deployed to about 4,000-5,000. Uganda also reportedly backs M23.

  • In Kinshasa, the U.S. reduced its embassy staff and urged all American citizens to leave the country following last week's attacks on embassies of nations accused of collaborating with Rwanda. The targeted embassies included those of France, the United States, Belgium, the Netherlands, Uganda, Kenya, and Rwanda itself.


What to do 

  • The UK and Canada have issued formal airspace warnings so far. Overflying traffic at higher altitudes is generally not at risk under normal operations. However, descending or diverting aircraft face significant exposure. Avoid flying in the region, especially below FL260. FZNA/Goma airport has been captured.

  • For those in Kinshasa, remain vigilant and stay informed about potential protests or unrest. Stay indoors, seek shelter, and monitor local media for updates.

  • All individuals in affected areas should closely monitor the implementation of the ceasefire and follow instructions from local authorities and international organizations providing humanitarian assistance.

  • For Dutch citizens in Kinshasa, you can contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at +31 247 247 247



 

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